How to Deduct Your Moving Expenses
October 12, 2016Editor’s note: The moving expense deduction was eliminated with the passing of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018, but would still apply for tax year 2017 and prior.
I know several people who have embarked upon long distance moves recently, which also means that they were often changing jobs. My first question when I learned of the moves was, “You know you can deduct your moving expenses, right?” First, here’s what the IRS has to say about it:
If you moved due to a change in your job or business location or because you started a new job or business, you may be able to deduct your reasonable moving expenses but not any expenses for meals [emphasis added]. You can deduct your moving expenses if you meet all three of the following requirements:
- Your move closely relates to the start of work
- You meet the distance test
- You meet the time test
Here’s what that means:
Related to the start of work: Your move doesn’t have to be because you got a new job, but the two events do need to be closely related. Specifically, you can deduct moving expenses incurred within one year from the date you first started your new job.
Distance test: Your new job must be at least 50 miles further from your old home than your old job was from your old home. If you weren’t working before you moved, then your new job must be at least 50 miles from your old home.
For example, when I graduated college in Michigan and moved to Cincinnati to start my new job, I was able to deduct my moving expenses. But when I moved to a new house in Cincinnati about the same time I started a different job, my new commute was only 5 miles longer than my old commute, so those expenses were not deductible. If you had a 5 mile commute that turned into a 55 mile commute and you switched jobs to work closer to home, you could deduct.
Time test: You have to work full-time at least 39 weeks during the first 12 months immediately after you arrive in your new location. If you’re self-employed, that time requirement increases to require full-time work for at least 39 weeks out of 12 months and for a total of at least 78 weeks during the first 24 months. So a self-employed person who works full-time for a year and 26 weeks from the day they arrive would qualify. There are exceptions to this rule for death, disability, involuntary separation, and a few other things. Publication 521 lists them all.
If you pass all of those tests, then you can deduct your moving expenses. It’s what we CPA geeks call an “above the line” deduction, which has a more favorable effect on your taxes than “below the line” deductions like mortgage interest, taxes and charitable giving. Moving expenses actually decrease your adjusted gross income, a number upon which other tax calculations are determined, including eligibility to deduct medical expenses and even your state taxable income.
What You Can Deduct
Generally speaking, you can deduct any expenses that were incurred to move your stuff, including travel. That includes the cost of storage up to 30 consecutive days, supplies such as tape, boxes, moving blankets, etc., any costs to move pets (I once had a client pay FedEx to move his horse from Florida to California) and your mileage for making the drive there. If your move involves an overnight in a hotel, you can also deduct that along with the cost of renting a moving truck. You’ll have to complete Form 3903 and file it with that year’s return and make sure you keep receipts for everything in case the IRS wants proof.
Remember, the purpose of the move doesn’t have to be because you found a new job. You can move to a new place because you want to move and as long as you switch jobs and meet the three tests, you also get a little tax boost to offset the costs. Moving is expensive. Take advantage of all the breaks you can get!
If you have questions that we can answer on the blog, please send me an email, and I’ll do my best to help. Did you know you can also sign up to receive my blog posts every week, delivered straight to your inbox? Just head over to our blog main page, enter your email address and select which topics or bloggers’ posts you’d like to receive. You may also follow me on Twitter and Facebook as well.